中华白海豚 zhōng huá bái hǎi tún Sousa chinensis

中华白海豚（学名：Sousa chinensis），属于海豚科、白海豚属的海洋哺乳动物。体长2.0-2.5米，最长达2.7米，体重200-285千克。体粗壮，喙中等长，背鳍基部形成增厚的脊，上有近三角形的较大的背鳍，鳍肢和尾叶均宽，均具圆的梢端，标本最大体长约2.6米，下颌前端略超出上颌，喙与额隆间没有深的凹痕为界，背鳍基部形成增厚的脊；尾柄具发达的背脊和腹脊；幼体时为暗灰色，随年龄增长变浅，亚成体灰色和粉红色相杂，成体纯白色，常由于充血而透出粉红色；有些成体的身体上有暗色斑点，少数个体在呼吸孔后的颈部有暗色斑点形成的环。

The Chinese white dolphin (scientific name: Sousa chinensis) is a marine mammal belonging to the family Dolphinidae and the genus White Dolphin. The body length is 2.0-2.5 meters, with a maximum length of 2.7 meters and a weight of 200-285 kilograms. The body is thick and robust, with an equal length in the beak. The base of the dorsal fin forms a thickened ridge, and there are larger dorsal fins that are nearly triangular in shape. The fin limbs and tail leaves are equally wide, with round tips. The maximum body length of the specimen is about 2.6 meters, and the front end of the lower jaw slightly extends beyond the upper jaw. There is no deep indentation between the beak and the frontal lobe as the boundary, and the base of the dorsal fin forms a thickened ridge; The tail stalk has a well-developed dorsal and ventral spine; When young, it is dark gray and becomes lighter with age. Subadults have a mixture of gray and pink, while adults are pure white and often appear pink due to congestion; Some adults have dark spots on their bodies, while a few individuals have rings formed by dark spots on the neck behind their breathing holes.

喜欢栖息在亚热带海区的河口咸淡水交汇水域，生活在浅水区和多岩石处，休息或游玩都会集结在靠近沙滩的海域。其作息通常会与涨潮和日照的时间相配合，晨昏最为活跃，常在潮涨时觅食。食物主要是河口的咸淡水鱼类，也取食头足类，不经咀嚼快速吞食。通常在春季和夏季繁殖。经过10-12个月的妊娠期后，每胎产一仔，初生的幼豚体长约100厘米。

中华白海豚分布于从中国东南部经东南亚直到孟加拉湾的沿岸浅海区主要分布于西太平洋、东印度洋，广布于中国东南部沿海，属于国家一级保护动物，素有“水上大熊猫”之称。