翻车鱼 Mola mola fān chē yú
中文名 | 翻车鱼 | 目 | 鲀形目 |
拉丁学名 | Mola mola | 亚目 | |
别名 | 翻车鱼、头鱼、海洋太阳鱼、太阳鱼、月亮鱼等 | 科 | 翻车鲀科 |
界 | 动物界 | 属 | 翻车鲀属 |
门 | 脊索动物门 | 种 | 翻车鱼 |
亚门 | 脊椎动物亚门 | 分布 | 热带及温带暖水域海域科 |
纲 | 硬骨鱼纲 | 汉语拼音 | fān chē yú |
翻车鱼,(学名:Mola mola)是翻车鲀科、翻车鲀属大型大洋性鱼类。体高而侧扁,呈卵圆形,无尾柄。头高而侧扁。眼小,上侧位,眼间隔突起。吻圆钝。口小,端位;上下颌各具一喙状齿板,无中央缝。鳃孔小,位于胸鳍基底前方。体和鳍均粗糙,具棘状或粒状突起;无侧线。背鳍高大呈镰刀形;臀鳍与背鳍同形且相对;背鳍与臀鳍鳍条向后延伸至体末端相连而形成一圆形假尾鳍或称舵鳍;无腹鳍;胸鳍短小,圆形,胸鳍基部横行,并不垂直;尾鳍消失。体背侧灰褐色,腹侧银灰色;体侧带细小斑点。各鳍灰褐色。 [1] 翻车鲀为大型大洋性鱼类,栖息于各热带和亚热带海洋,也见于温带或寒带海洋。单独或成对游泳,有时十余尾成群,小个体鱼较活泼,常跃出水面,大个体鱼行动迟缓,常侧卧于水面,或背鳍露出水面,也能潜入百余米深水中。摄食海藻、软体动物、水母、浮游甲壳类及小鱼等。分布于全世界各热带及温带暖水域海域。在中国分布于东海、南海,偶尔在黄渤海也有出现,在中国台湾省南部、东北部及东部海域也有分布。
Mola Mola (scientific name: Mola Mola) is a large oceanic fish belonging to the genus Fugu and the family fugu. The body is high and flat on the side, oval and without tail handle. The head is high and flat on the side. The eyes are small, in the upper lateral position, and the eye septum is prominent. The kiss is round and blunt. Small mouth, end position; The upper and lower jaw have a beak like tooth plate without central suture. The gill hole is small and located in front of the base of the pectoral fin. The body and fin are rough, with spiny or granular processes; No side line. The dorsal fin is tall and sickle shaped; The gluteal fin is isomorphic and opposite to the dorsal fin; The dorsal fin and gluteal fin rays extend backward to the end of the body to form a circular pseudocaudal fin or rudder fin; No ventral fin; The pectoral fin is short and round, and the base of the pectoral fin is transverse and not vertical; The caudal fin disappeared. The dorsal side of the body is grayish brown and the ventral side is silvery gray; There are small spots on the side of the body. Each fin is grayish brown. [1] Tipping puffer fish is a large oceanic fish, inhabiting tropical and subtropical oceans, as well as temperate or cold zone oceans. Swimming alone or in pairs, sometimes more than ten tails are in groups. The small individual fish are lively and often jump out of the water. The large individual fish are slow, often lying on their sides on the water, or their dorsal fins are exposed to the water, and can also dive into more than 100 meters of deep water. Feeding on algae, molluscs, jellyfish, planktonic crustaceans and small fish. It is distributed in tropical and temperate warm waters all over the world. It is distributed in the East China Sea and the South China Sea, and occasionally occurs in yellow Bohai. It is also distributed in the southern, northeastern and eastern waters of Taiwan Province, China.
生活习性
翻车鲀为大型大洋性鱼类,栖息于各热带和亚热带海洋,也见于温带或寒带海洋。单独或成对游泳,有时十余尾成群,小个体鱼较活泼,常跃出水面,大个体鱼行动迟缓,常侧卧于水面,或背鳍露出水面,也能潜入百余米深水中。摄食海藻、软体动物、水母、浮游甲壳类及小鱼等。
翻车鲀的游泳技术不好,就像它的远亲刺鲀一样,都属于游泳速度较为缓慢的鱼类。作为一个表层鱼类,翻车鲀并没有那么安分守己。相反,它潜水技术顶呱呱,至少比它的游泳技术要强上好几倍。有时为了寻找食物,比如虾子、螃蟹,它们必须要下潜到深海,这也许多亏了它的大头。有数据表明,翻车鲀可以下潜到800米左右。要知道随着深度的增加,它承受的压力也越大,所以说,相比于某些表层鱼类,翻车鲀的潜水技能还是有两把刷子的。
翻车鲀还有一个正经的身份就是海洋医生。有研究证明,翻车鲀会分泌一种物质,这种物质有助于治疗其他鱼类的伤病。可是翻车鲀的皮肤上却长满了寄生物,多达50多种,甚至寄生物的身上还有寄生物。当它浮在海面晒太阳时,一些鸟类就会站在它的身上,替它啄食掉这些寄生物。
翻车鲀的体质也很独特,截至2015年,它是人们发现的第一种恒温鱼类,它独特的造型可以帮助它减少热量的流失。恒温鱼类在海洋是不多见的,大部分鱼类都是冷血动物,身体的温度随着环境的变化而变化。
小翻车鲀从诞生之日起,就面临着各种各样的危险。当它们还是仔鱼时,由于太弱小,它们无法御敌;而当它们好不容易长大后,却因为游泳能力的缺陷,常被其他的动物欺负
翻车鲀的成长速度是惊人的,刚出生的它们只有两毫米大小,比小孩子的指甲盖还要小,体重不过1克,可是随着翻车鲀的成长,它可以长成三四米的巨型“海怪”,体重可达3000千克。
保护现状
列入《世界自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录》(IUCN 2011年 ver 3.1)——易危(VU)。
主要价值
翻车鲀肉可食用,但味道并不鲜美,一般多制作鱼粉用于饲料。肝和脂肪可制鱼油,肝油可入药,主治疗跌打损伤及烫、火伤等症。
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